Crimping

1.     Take a crimper
2.     Decide what part of your hair you want to style
3.     Grab a section of hair and gently clamp down the crimper holding the hair in the crimper from 5 to 12 seconds(it depends on the hair, if it is damaged or also the type of the hair )
4.     If you want volume, then comb through after you let it to cool down

Some examples of Elizabethan portraits where we can suppose that the hair is crimped as we don't really know what technique did the Elizabethan women use for creating their hair-styles:

In this picture we can notice that in the front side the Queen Elizabeth has curled hair, but on the back I suppose is crimped. Crimped hair was also used for creating a hairstyle where the padding is present, as in the picture above.

I suppose that in this Elizabethan portrait the hair of the sitter is crimped as it seem to be with a lot of volume and maybe techniques like backcombing or padding were used to create this hair design.